The Jänisch Gambit, also known as the Schliemann Defense or the Schliemann-Jänisch counterattack, is a sharp and aggressive opening in the Ruy Lopez, a popular and classic chess opening that begins with 1. e4 e5 2. ♘f3 ♞c6 3. ♗b5. The Jänisch Gambit is characterized by the sacrifice of a pawn for quick development and controlling the center: 3. … f5. This move creates a pawn structure that is similar to the King’s Gambit, but with reversed colors.
I prefer to call it the Jänisch Gambit because the line Schliemann actually played in the 1860s was a gambit variation of the Cordel Defense (3 … ♝c5 4. c3 f5). Let’s stick with this name.
Gambit accepted
4. exf5 is precisely the line Black hoped for. Now the fundamental idea (faster development, central domination) can be applied.
Exchange variation
4. ♗xc6 is the natural move to follow the idea of Ruy Lopez. If played well, it usually leads to a balanced position.
And the delayed capture 5. exf5:
Knight defense
4. ♘c3 is solid, but dangerous if White doesn’t know the trap. See the game.
Queen file
4. ♕e2 is a pretty decent line, although not as direct as 4. d4.
Central pawns
4. d4, also known as the Schönemann Attack, is undoubtedly the recommended line for White.
Classic line
4. d3 leads to a robust position with multiple opportunities for White to keep at least a balanced game. However, traps can occur even in this variation.
The Jänisch Gambit is a risky opening that requires precise calculation and a good understanding of attacking play. White can gain an advantage by exploiting Black’s weakened pawn structure, but Black’s active pieces and counterattacking chances can also lead to a strong position. It is not recommended for beginners or players who prefer solid and quiet play, but it can be a fun and challenging opening for those who like to play aggressively.